forked from PoliEcho-holding-org/kern
MAJOR REWRITE
- Kernel got pretty much deleted, will be rewriting in following days - Bootloader got rewritten, stage1 works, stage2 will be written in following days - Libc is still the same - User will contains userspace stuff - Rewrote makefiles again - Got rid of backup (see previous commits for that) - Image has 1 MBR partition for FAT32 which contains 'kern.bin' file - Remade info files to be more "big project" style (all caps plain text) - Added some dumb docs
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; KBOOT - Kern Bootloader
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; Most of the code is taken from Limine (https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine)
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; I tried to add more documentation than the Limine code had, but it's not everything
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; Any of my code is pretty bad, so i recommend using an existing bootloader
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[org 0x7c00]
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[bits 16]
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; BPB Requires these
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jmp short .bpb_end
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nop
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; FAT32 Bios Parameter Block
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.bpb:
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.bpb_oem_id: db "KERN "
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.bpb_sector_size: dw 0
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.bpb_sects_per_clust: db 0
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.bpb_reserved_sects: dw 0
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.bpb_fat_count: db 0
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.bpb_root_dir_entries: dw 0
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.bpb_sector_count: dw 0
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.bpb_media_type: db 0
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.bpb_sects_per_fat: dw 0
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.bpb_sects_per_track: dw 18
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.bpb_heads_count: dw 2
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.bpb_hidden_sects: dd 0
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.bpb_sect_count_big: dd 0
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; Extended BPB
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.bpb_drive_num: db 0
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.bpb_reserved: db 0
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.bpb_signature: db 0
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.bpb_volume_id: dd 0
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.bpb_volume_label: dd "KERN "
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.bpb_fs_type: times 8 db 0
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.bpb_end:
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cli
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cld
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jmp 0x0000:.init_codeseg ; Long jump to set CS = 0
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; Zero out segment regs (Because segmentation is shit)
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.init_codeseg:
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xor si, si ; We cannot change segment regs directly
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mov ds, si ; Data Segment
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mov es, si ; Extra Segment
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mov ss, si ; Stack Segment
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mov sp, 0x7c00 ; Set Stack Pointer
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sti
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; We probably won't be booting from a floppy, so
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; ignore if boot drive is < 0x80 and assume an error
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cmp dl, 0x80
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jl err.0
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; Also anything above 0x8f is "dubious" so we also
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; just assume an error
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cmp dl, 0x8f
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jg err.1
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; Check that int 13h extensions are supported
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.int13chk:
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mov ah, 0x41
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mov bx, 0x55aa ; Expects bx to be this magic value
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int 0x13 ; Will se CF if unsupported
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jc err.2
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cmp bx, 0xaa55 ; Also sets bx to this magic
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jne err.3
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; Load the stage 2 bootloader code to 0x70000
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.load_stage2:
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mov eax, 1 ; LBA
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mov cx, 20 ; Read 20 sectors (we have space for 2048)
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; Destination - 0x70000
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push 0x7000
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pop es
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xor bx, bx
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call read_sectors
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jc err.4 ; Failed to read stage 2
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.enable_protected:
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; Load GDT Pointer
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lgdt [gdtp]
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; Set PE (Protected mode Enable) flag
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cli
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mov eax, cr0
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or eax, 1 ; Bit 1 - PE
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mov cr0, eax
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; Far jump to protected mode
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jmp code_seg:vector
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%include "stage1/disk.s" ; Disk I/O helper functions
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%include "stage1/gdt.s" ; Global Descriptor Table
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; Handles an error
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err:
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; Error codes
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.4: inc si ; Failed to read stage2 from disk
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.3: inc si ; Int 13h extensions unsupported (BX wasn't magic)
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.2: inc si ; Int 13h extensions unsupported (CF was set)
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.1: inc si ; Invalid boot drive number (> 0x8f)
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.0: ; Invalid boot drive number (< 0x80)
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; Common error handler
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add si, '0' | (0x4f << 8) ; Store error code number char in SI, white on red
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push 0xb800 ; VGA Text mode video memory
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pop es ; ES = 0xb800
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mov word [es:0], si ; Write character
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; Hang
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sti
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.h: hlt
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jmp .h
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[bits 32]
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; Protected mode entry vector
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vector:
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mov eax, 0x10
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mov ds, ax
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mov es, ax
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mov fs, ax
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mov gs, ax
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mov ss, ax
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and edx, 0xff
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; Call stage 2 bootloader
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call 0x70000
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; Padding and boot signature
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times 510-($-$$) db 0
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dw 0xaa55
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@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
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; Reads sectors from disk
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; eax - LBA
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; cx - Sector count
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; dl - Drive number
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; es:dx - Destination
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read_sectors:
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pusha
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; Fill out Disk Address Packet
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mov si, .da_packet
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mov word [si], 0x10 ; Packet Size and Unused
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mov word [si+2], cx ; Sector count
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mov word [si+4], bx ; Dest. offset
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mov word [si+6], es ; Dest. segment
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mov dword [si+8], eax ; LBA
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mov ah, 0x42 ; Extended read
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clc ; Clear CF
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int 0x13
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.done:
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popa
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ret
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; Disk Address Packet
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.da_packet: equ 0x8000
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@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
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; Global Descriptor Table
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gdt:
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.null_desc: ; Just zeros, no clue why it even exists
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dq 0
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.code_desc: ; 32-bit code
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dw 0xffff ; Limit (low 16-bits)
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dw 0x0000 ; Base (low 16 bits)
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db 0x00 ; Base (mid 8 bits)
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db 0b10011011 ; Access flags
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db 0b11001111 ; Low 4 bits - Granularity, High 4 bits - Limit (high 4 bits)
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db 0x00 ; Base (high 8 bits)
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.data_desc: ; 32-bit data
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dw 0xffff ; Limit (low 16-bits)
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dw 0x0000 ; Base (low 16 bits)
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db 0x00 ; Base (mid 8 bits)
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db 0b10010011 ; Access flags
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db 0b11001111 ; Low 4 bits - Granularity, High 4 bits - Limit (high 4 bits)
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db 0x00 ; Base (high 8 bits)
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.end:
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; GDT Pointer
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gdtp:
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dw gdt.end - gdt - 1 ; Size
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dd gdt ; Pointer
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; Segments
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code_seg equ gdt.code_desc - gdt
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data_seg equ gdt.data_desc - gdt
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